Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 320 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 197, 35 Stat. 1126; Aug. 26, 1935, ch. 694, 49 Stat. 867).

The attention of Congress is directed to the mandatory minimum punishment provisions of sections 2113 (e) and 2114 of this title. These were left unchanged because of the controversial question involved. Such legislative attempts to control the discretion of the sentencing judge are contrary to the opinions of experienced criminologists and criminal law experts. They are calculated to work manifest injustice in many cases.

Minor changes were made in phraseology.

1996—Pub. L. 104–294 amended Pub. L. 103–322, § 320602. See 1994 Amendment note below.

1994—Pub. L. 103–322, § 320903(a)(3), inserted “or attempts to rob” after “robs” in subsec. (a).

Pub. L. 103–322, § 320602, as amended by Pub. L. 104–294, § 604(b)(17), designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, substituted “A person who” for “Whoever”, and added subsec. (b).

1990—Pub. L. 101–647 inserted a comma after “money” in section catchline.

1984—Pub. L. 98–473, which directed insertion of “not more than” after “imprisoned”, was executed by making the insertion after “imprisoned” the second time appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–294 effective Sept. 13, 1994, see section 604(d) of Pub. L. 104–294, set out as a note under section 13 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–473 effective Nov. 1, 1987, and applicable only to offenses committed after the taking effect of such amendment, see section 235(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3551 of this title.