The Law on Population and Family Planning was adopted by the National People’s Congress on December 29, 2001 and amended on December 27, 2015. This law stipulated the national policy popularly known as the “one-child” policy. It was amended in 2015 to allow and encourage each couple to have two children. Before the amendment, Article 18 provided that the State encourages citizens to marry and bear a child at a later age, and advocates one child for each couple, except in certain conditions prescribed by laws and regulations. As a result of the amendment, Article 18 provides that the State encourages citizens to have two children. Before the amendment, Article 27 provided that couples who bear only one child voluntarily shall be issued the Honor Certificate and enjoy the awards for parents of only one child. Article 41 provides that a citizen who bears children in violation of Article 18 shall pay the social upbringing fines according to law.
堕胎与生育权
本法规于2001年12月29日通过，于2015年12月27日修正。此法规规定了众所周知的“一孩政策”。此法规为了鼓励一对夫妻可以生育两个子女于2015年进行了修正。在修正前，法规的第十八条阐明了国家鼓励晚婚晚育，并在除特定法规下要求一对夫妻生育一个子女。在修正后，第十八条鼓励每对夫妻生育两个子女。修正前，第二十八条规定只生育一个子女的夫妻，国家发给《独生子女光荣证》并享受独生子女父母奖励。第四十一条规定，不符合本法第十八条生育的公民，应依法缴纳社会抚养费。
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